This NAICS page summarizes federal awards under 541690, including agency, vendor, and annual obligation patterns over the last 10 years. The data show a steady concentration of spending at NIH, the Army, USAID, the Air Force, and the Navy, with annual obligations ranging from $1.49 billion in 2025 to $2.70 billion in 2024.
NAICS Industry
NAICS 541690 Federal Contract Obligations (Last 10 Years)
Federal procurement activity for NAICS 541690 covers other scientific and technical consulting services across the last 10 years, with $20.50 billion obligated in 82,175 actions.
Totals are based on FPDS award actions and reflect the provided 10-year analysis window, with exact obligations of $20,496,415,596.98 and an average action value of $249,423.98.
NAICS Code
541690
Industry
OTHER SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CONSULTING SERVICES
Total Obligated
20.50 billion
20,496,415,596.98
Award Actions
82,175
Average Action Value
249,423.98
About NAICS 541690 federal contract activity
NAICS 541690, Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services, recorded $20.50 billion in obligations across 82,175 awards over the last 10 years, with an average award value of $249,423.98. The profile indicates a high-volume, mid-dollar award base consistent with advisory, technical assistance, and specialized consulting activity spanning multiple civilian and defense mission areas.
Agency demand and leading federal buyers
Obligations are concentrated among a small set of large buyers. The National Institutes of Health led with $2.95 billion and 10,677 awards, followed by the Department of the Army at $2.27 billion and the Agency for International Development at $1.89 billion; the Air Force and Navy also rank among the top obligators, reflecting broad use across health research, defense support, and international development programs.
Vendor concentration and leading contractors
KELLY SERVICES, INC. is the largest vendor in this NAICS, with $2.09 billion across 5,041 awards, well ahead of BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. at $730.43 million and 1,412 awards. The remaining top vendors include DOMESTIC AWARDEES (UNDISCLOSED), LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, and RAYTHEON COMPANY, showing that the category supports both labor-focused service providers and major defense contractors.
Annual contract trend over the analysis window
Annual obligations for the most recent five years show a rise from $1.97 billion in 2021 to $2.01 billion in 2022 and $2.22 billion in 2023, followed by a peak of $2.70 billion in 2024 before easing to $1.49 billion in 2025. Award counts remained relatively stable through 2021-2024, ranging from 7,364 to 8,008, then declined to 6,767 in 2025.
How to interpret this page
This summary is based on FPDS award data filtered to NAICS 541690 for the last 10 years and aggregated by obligations, award count, and year. Dollar values are reported as obligated amounts and may reflect modifications, task orders, and other action-level reporting captured in FPDS; the 2025 figures may be incomplete if the year is not fully closed.
Top Agencies
SELECT
agency_id,
agency_name,
total_obligated,
award_count,
formatReadableQuantity(total_obligated) AS total_obligated_readable
FROM
(
SELECT
content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID AS agency_id,
anyHeavy(content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID__name) AS agency_name,
sum(content__award__dollarValues__obligatedAmount) AS total_obligated,
count() AS award_count
FROM fpds.data
WHERE
contract_type = 1
AND content__award__productOrServiceInformation__principalNAICSCode = '541690'
AND content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID IS NOT NULL
AND content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID != ''
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) >= toStartOfYear(now()) - INTERVAL 10 YEAR
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) < toStartOfYear(now())
GROUP BY agency_id
)
ORDER BY total_obligated DESC
LIMIT 10| Agency ID | Agency Name | Total Obligated | Readable | Award Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7529 | NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH | 2,948,209,953.53 | 2.95 billion | 10,677 |
| 2100 | DEPT OF THE ARMY | 2,268,287,495.97 | 2.27 billion | 10,516 |
| 7200 | AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | 1,888,065,237.01 | 1.89 billion | 867 |
| 5700 | DEPT OF THE AIR FORCE | 1,682,139,319.20 | 1.68 billion | 2,729 |
| 1700 | DEPT OF THE NAVY | 1,663,502,469.30 | 1.66 billion | 6,125 |
| 7530 | CENTERS FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID SERVICES | 1,135,956,602.98 | 1.14 billion | 801 |
| 1900 | STATE, DEPARTMENT OF | 999,876,977.72 | 999.88 million | 3,015 |
| 8900 | ENERGY, DEPARTMENT OF | 940,888,410.64 | 940.89 million | 2,376 |
| 7523 | CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION | 604,475,084.26 | 604.48 million | 2,762 |
| 8000 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | 543,936,894.36 | 543.94 million | 2,647 |
Insight
Over the last 10 years, NAICS 541690 obligated $20.50 billion across 82,175 awards, with an average award value of $249,423.98, indicating a high-volume, relatively fragmented buying pattern. The largest obligators are the National Institutes of Health ($2.95 billion), the Department of the Army ($2.27 billion), and USAID ($1.89 billion), with the top 10 agencies accounting for a substantial share of total obligations. Among these, NIH and the Army also lead in award count, while USAID and CMS show comparatively high dollar volume with far fewer awards, suggesting larger average award sizes.
Top Vendors
SELECT
vendor_name,
cage_code,
total_obligated,
award_count,
formatReadableQuantity(total_obligated) AS total_obligated_readable
FROM
(
SELECT
content__award__vendor__vendorHeader__vendorName AS vendor_name,
anyHeavy(content__award__vendor__vendorSiteDetails__entityIdentifiers__cageCode) AS cage_code,
sum(content__award__dollarValues__obligatedAmount) AS total_obligated,
count() AS award_count
FROM fpds.data
WHERE
contract_type = 1
AND content__award__productOrServiceInformation__principalNAICSCode = '541690'
AND content__award__vendor__vendorHeader__vendorName IS NOT NULL
AND content__award__vendor__vendorHeader__vendorName != ''
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) >= toStartOfYear(now()) - INTERVAL 10 YEAR
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) < toStartOfYear(now())
GROUP BY vendor_name
)
ORDER BY total_obligated DESC
LIMIT 10| Vendor | CAGE Code | Total Obligated | Readable | Award Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KELLY SERVICES, INC. | 9B025 | 2,093,229,347.14 | 2.09 billion | 5,041 |
| BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. | 17038 | 730,434,268.58 | 730.43 million | 1,412 |
| DOMESTIC AWARDEES (UNDISCLOSED) | 3JEH0 | 615,886,684.51 | 615.89 million | 622 |
| LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION | 79272 | 553,311,405.76 | 553.31 million | 331 |
| RAYTHEON COMPANY | 09XR3 | 526,413,239.64 | 526.41 million | 200 |
| LEIDOS, INC. | 5UTE2 | 336,642,340.14 | 336.64 million | 1,335 |
| MANTECH ADVANCED SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC. | 5N741 | 333,183,915.66 | 333.18 million | 385 |
| NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | 1D969 | 296,525,219.41 | 296.53 million | 2,827 |
| MICHAEL STAPLETON ASSOCIATES, LTD. | 3FJS3 | 280,859,528.13 | 280.86 million | 231 |
| PAE GOVERNMENT SERVICES, INC. | 00TB2 | 271,363,577.79 | 271.36 million | 305 |
Insight
Over the last 10 years, NAICS 541690 obligated $20.50 billion across 82,175 awards, with an average award value of $249,423.98. Obligations are concentrated among a small set of vendors: the top 10 listed account for roughly $5.76 billion, or about 28.1% of total obligated dollars. KELLY SERVICES, INC. leads the group at $2.09 billion and 5,041 awards, while BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. and several large defense/technical contractors also rank near the top, indicating a mix of high-volume and high-dollar award recipients.
Annual Trend
SELECT
year,
total_obligated,
award_count,
formatReadableQuantity(total_obligated) AS total_obligated_readable
FROM
(
SELECT
toYear(parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate)) AS year,
sum(content__award__dollarValues__obligatedAmount) AS total_obligated,
count() AS award_count
FROM fpds.data
WHERE
contract_type = 1
AND content__award__productOrServiceInformation__principalNAICSCode = '541690'
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) >= toStartOfYear(now()) - INTERVAL 10 YEAR
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) < toStartOfYear(now())
GROUP BY year
)
ORDER BY year DESC| Year | Total Obligated | Readable | Award Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 1,491,515,383.19 | 1.49 billion | 6,767 |
| 2024 | 2,697,114,731.59 | 2.70 billion | 7,592 |
| 2023 | 2,216,872,374.20 | 2.22 billion | 8,008 |
| 2022 | 2,007,155,250.15 | 2.01 billion | 7,698 |
| 2021 | 1,972,082,367.47 | 1.97 billion | 7,364 |
| 2020 | 1,875,697,678.62 | 1.88 billion | 7,807 |
| 2019 | 1,851,108,994.46 | 1.85 billion | 7,888 |
| 2018 | 2,272,933,130.55 | 2.27 billion | 8,577 |
| 2017 | 2,057,186,340.40 | 2.06 billion | 9,921 |
| 2016 | 2,050,437,691.68 | 2.05 billion | 10,534 |
Insight
Over the last 10 years, NAICS 541690 obligated $20.50 billion across 82,175 awards, with an average award value of $249.4K, indicating a high-volume, moderate-dollar contracting pattern. Obligations were relatively steady from 2016 through 2023, generally ranging from about $1.85 billion to $2.27 billion annually, before increasing to $2.70 billion in 2024 and then declining to $1.49 billion in 2025. Award counts peaked in 2016 at 10,534 and then trended lower overall, suggesting a gradual shift toward fewer awards without a comparable long-term increase in annual obligation levels.
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