Department of Energy obligations dominate PSC M181, accounting for $55.27 billion and 2,049 award actions, while the Department of the Navy and NIH contribute much smaller shares. Annual obligations stayed near the $10 billion to $12.72 billion range over the period, with 2023 as the high point.
PSC Code
PSC M181 Federal Contract Obligations (Last 5 Years)
PSC M181 covers operation of government R&D GOCO facilities, with $55.32 billion obligated across 2,100 award actions in the last 5 years.
Totals reflect the last 5 years of FPDS action-level data and may include small negative adjustments; vendor and agency rankings are based on obligated dollars.
PSC Code
M181
PSC Description
OPER OF GOVT R&D GOCO FACILITIES
Total Obligated
55.32 billion
55,324,943,845.04
Award Actions
2,100
Average Action Value
26,345,211.35
About PSC M181 federal contract activity
PSC M181, OPER OF GOVT R&D GOCO FACILITIES, recorded 55.32 billion in obligations across 2,100 awards over the last 5 years, with an average award value of 26.35 million. The code is concentrated in large-scale government-owned, contractor-operated research and development facility operations rather than broad, distributed procurement activity.
Agency demand and leading federal buyers
The Department of Energy dominates this PSC with 55.27 billion obligated across 2,049 awards, accounting for virtually the entire category total. The only other agencies with material activity are the Department of the Navy at 50.18 million and NIH at 2.05 million, while MDA is negligible and NASA shows a small negative obligation entry.
Vendor concentration and leading contractors
Vendor activity is similarly concentrated. UT Battelle LLC leads with 13.01 billion across 189 awards, followed by Battelle Energy Alliance LLC at 9.45 billion, Battelle Memorial Institute at 7.77 billion, UChicago Argonne, LLC at 5.80 billion, and Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC at 4.79 billion, indicating a narrow set of major GOCO operators.
Annual contract trend over the analysis window
Annual obligations were broadly stable over the period, ranging from 10.30 billion in 2021 to a peak of 12.72 billion in 2023. Activity then remained near 10.8 billion in 2024 and 2025, with award counts also steady in the low-400s each year.
How to interpret this page
This summary uses FPDS-observed obligations for PSC M181 over the last 5 years and reflects the provided totals, counts, and annual series. Agency and vendor rankings are based on total obligated dollars within the analysis window, and negative values are preserved as reported in the source data.
Top Agencies
SELECT
agency_id,
agency_name,
total_obligated,
award_count,
formatReadableQuantity(total_obligated) AS total_obligated_readable
FROM
(
SELECT
content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID AS agency_id,
anyHeavy(content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID__name) AS agency_name,
sum(content__award__dollarValues__obligatedAmount) AS total_obligated,
count() AS award_count
FROM fpds.data
WHERE
contract_type = 1
AND content__award__productOrServiceInformation__productOrServiceCode = 'M181'
AND content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID IS NOT NULL
AND content__award__purchaserInformation__contractingOfficeAgencyID != ''
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) >= toStartOfYear(now()) - INTERVAL 5 YEAR
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) < toStartOfYear(now())
GROUP BY agency_id
)
ORDER BY total_obligated DESC
LIMIT 10| Agency ID | Agency Name | Total Obligated | Readable | Award Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8900 | ENERGY, DEPARTMENT OF | 55,272,616,094.19 | 55.27 billion | 2,049 |
| 1700 | DEPT OF THE NAVY | 50,180,442.40 | 50.18 million | 40 |
| 7529 | NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH | 2,048,745.24 | 2.05 million | 8 |
| 97JC | MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY (MDA) | 98,568.77 | 98.57 thousand | 2 |
| 8000 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | -5.56 | -5.56 | 1 |
Insight
Over the last 5 years, obligations under PSC M181 are overwhelmingly concentrated in the Department of Energy, which accounts for $55.27 billion of the $55.32 billion total across 2,049 of 2,100 awards. All other agencies combined represent a very small share of spend, led by the Department of the Navy at $50.18 million and NIH at $2.05 million. The remaining agencies have negligible obligations by comparison, indicating that this PSC is effectively dominated by a single buying agency.
Top Vendors
SELECT
vendor_name,
cage_code,
total_obligated,
award_count,
formatReadableQuantity(total_obligated) AS total_obligated_readable
FROM
(
SELECT
content__award__vendor__vendorHeader__vendorName AS vendor_name,
ifNull(anyHeavy(content__award__vendor__vendorSiteDetails__entityIdentifiers__cageCode), '') AS cage_code,
sum(content__award__dollarValues__obligatedAmount) AS total_obligated,
count() AS award_count
FROM fpds.data
WHERE
contract_type = 1
AND content__award__productOrServiceInformation__productOrServiceCode = 'M181'
AND content__award__vendor__vendorHeader__vendorName IS NOT NULL
AND content__award__vendor__vendorHeader__vendorName != ''
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) >= toStartOfYear(now()) - INTERVAL 5 YEAR
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) < toStartOfYear(now())
GROUP BY
vendor_name,
content__award__vendor__vendorSiteDetails__entityIdentifiers__cageCode
)
ORDER BY total_obligated DESC
LIMIT 10| Vendor | CAGE Code | Total Obligated | Readable | Award Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UT BATTELLE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY | 1PW69 | 13,008,285,986.80 | 13.01 billion | 189 |
| BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY | 36EV6 | 9,445,443,931.77 | 9.45 billion | 152 |
| BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE | 1A453 | 7,769,425,476.66 | 7.77 billion | 324 |
| UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC | 4E6E0 | 5,795,195,583.93 | 5.80 billion | 194 |
| ALLIANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, LLC | 50B53 | 4,787,916,142.91 | 4.79 billion | 223 |
| THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA | 1GGD0 | 3,876,299,554.24 | 3.88 billion | 120 |
| STANFORD UNIVERSITY | 1KN27 | 3,286,968,153.05 | 3.29 billion | 218 |
| THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (1741) | 1V9S8 | 2,689,810,029.94 | 2.69 billion | 71 |
| FERMI RESEARCH ALLIANCE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY | 4GUN4 | 1,938,146,172.20 | 1.94 billion | 124 |
| JEFFERSON SCIENCE ASSOCIATES LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY A SURA/CSC COMPANY | 48VY8 | 1,146,611,856.62 | 1.15 billion | 88 |
Insight
Over the last 5 years, PSC M181 obligations total $55.32 billion across 2,100 awards, with an average award value of $26.35 million. Spending is highly concentrated among a small set of GOCO facility operators: the top 10 vendors account for roughly $54.48 billion, or about 98.5% of total obligations. UT Battelle LLC is the largest recipient at $13.01 billion, followed by Battelle Energy Alliance LLC at $9.45 billion and Battelle Memorial Institute at $7.77 billion. Award volume is more distributed than dollars, with Battelle Memorial Institute leading the group by award count at 324 awards.
Annual Trend
SELECT
year,
total_obligated,
award_count,
formatReadableQuantity(total_obligated) AS total_obligated_readable
FROM
(
SELECT
toYear(parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate)) AS year,
sum(content__award__dollarValues__obligatedAmount) AS total_obligated,
count() AS award_count
FROM fpds.data
WHERE
contract_type = 1
AND content__award__productOrServiceInformation__productOrServiceCode = 'M181'
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) >= toStartOfYear(now()) - INTERVAL 5 YEAR
AND parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull(content__award__relevantContractDates__signedDate) < toStartOfYear(now())
GROUP BY year
)
ORDER BY year DESC| Year | Total Obligated | Readable | Award Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 10,715,880,873.42 | 10.72 billion | 412 |
| 2024 | 10,796,892,987.64 | 10.80 billion | 424 |
| 2023 | 12,724,278,372.00 | 12.72 billion | 445 |
| 2022 | 10,786,122,892.88 | 10.79 billion | 423 |
| 2021 | 10,301,768,719.10 | 10.30 billion | 396 |
Insight
Over the last 5 years, PSC M181 obligated $55.32 billion across 2,100 awards, with an average award value of $26.35 million, indicating a high-dollar, moderately distributed procurement profile. Annual obligations were relatively stable at about $10.30 billion to $10.80 billion in 2021, 2022, 2024, and 2025, with a single peak in 2023 at $12.72 billion. Award counts followed a similar pattern, ranging from 396 to 445 per year, suggesting limited year-to-year volatility in procurement activity.
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